[一年级英语小故事A Teacher]A Teacher 一名老师 A teacher was given a ticket for driving through a red light. When she appeared in trafficcourt, she asked the judge for immediate attention...+阅读
金融英语：货币的历史i. history of money
一、货币历史moneys got a very colourful history, because a number of things he been used in the place of what we use as money. feathers, shells, cloth salt in roman times when the roman soldiers were paid in salt and thats how we get the word salary, from the latin sal for salt. 历史上的货币五花八门。古时候，羽毛、贝壳、布料甚至盐都曾是交换工具。古罗马士兵得到的军饷就是盐。盐这个词也是英文工资这个词的起源。拉丁文sal的意思是盐，英文中工资salary就是从它演变而来的。and a number of tribes used cattle, which were useful because they were transportable. but they were quite bulky and you werent always sure of the size of cattle you were going to get, so there was a problem there of quality. 还有一些部落以牲畜作为交换媒介。这很有用，因为牲畜可以运来运去。但是它们体积庞大，而且无法确切知道你将要得到的牲畜的大小，因此存在质量方面的问题。in the ninth century in china we had paper money for the first time. it wasnt quite the paper money that we know, it was more like a piece of paper saying a promise to pay. 九世纪时在中国首次出现了纸币。这种纸币与我们现在使用的不同，更象是一种欠条。and then in the seventh century we had money in the form of precious metal. there was always a problem of making sure that the coin that you got had enough precious metal in it to give it a value. when things got tough, you often found some civilisations were quite good at what they called sweating the money, which was effectively taking out the precious metal content so that what you got actually wasnt what you thought you got. 另外在七世纪时出现了贵重金属货币。但如何确切知道货币中有足够的贵重金属含量以使它具有相应的价值则一直是个问题。当时局艰难时，一些文明古国会从这种货币中提取贵重金属成份，使得货币已不再拥有你原来以为它拥有的价值。and we he a form of that here in australia when we had the holey dollar when we had a coin with a hole in the middle because there was a shortage of metal.澳大利亚就曾有过一种这类的货币，一种中间有个洞的货币。这是由于当时缺乏铸币金属的缘故。and in those days, spanish coins were used a lot. sometimes stores used certain tokens because there was a shortage of actual coinage. and then there is money as we know it today in notes and coins - plastic notes.那时候西班牙硬币广为流通。有时商店里因为没有足够的硬币而使用一些代用币。
后来就有了我们现在使用的纸钞、硬币，还有塑料钞票。and of course, if we were doing this program in a hundred years time we might talk about quaint little things called money, notes and coins, because all wed be using would be plastic card.当然，如果我们在一百年之后再来制作这一节目，我们可能就会谈论一些奇特有趣的叫做钱、纸币或是硬币的小东西，因为到那时我们大概只使用塑料卡了。金融英语：货币的作用II、Three Essential Functions Of MoneyWe look at the functions of money. Firstly its a medium of exchange, so its some modity which facilitates the exchange of goods and services.首先货币是一种交换媒介，是帮助其他货物与服务进行交换的手段。It is also a unit of account, which means that we use money to reckon prices and reckon values for parisons between goods and services or over time.其次它是一种计算单位，就是说我们用钱来测量货物、服务或时间之间的价格和价值的比较。And thirdly, money is a store of value. It is an asset. Its something that we can use to store value away to be retrieved at a later point in time. So we can not consume today, we can hold money instead - and transfer that consumption power to some point in the future.第三它是价值存储手段，是一种资产。我们可以用它把价值储存起来，在以后的某个时刻再取回。这样我们不必现在就把它用掉，而是可以存着钱，把这种消费能力转移到将来的某个时刻。In the earliest days, for example in ancient Babylon, measures of wheat were the money modity. People would exchange other goods and services firstly by exchanging quantities of wheat. And eventually it was worked out by the Babylonian priests that they could hold the wheat in a central store and then simply keep records of who owned the wheat. And rather than physically moving the wheat around, eventually we had a primitive system - quite advanced by the terms of the day - of record keeping. We had ledgers.古时候，比如在古巴比伦，小麦被当作实物货币使用。人们在交换其它货物和服务之前先要交换一定数量的小麦。后来巴比伦的祭司们发现，他们可以把小麦保存在一个中心仓库中，然后只需要记录下谁拥有这些小麦就可以了。这样就用不着把小麦搬来搬去了，于是我们就有了在当时条件下很先进的原始簿记制度，也就是分户账。Notes：1.Medium of exchange 交换媒介2.Unit of account 计算单位3.Store of value 价值储存手段4 money modity 商品货币，实物货币5 primitive system of record keeping 原始簿记制度6 ledger 分户账 转
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