[创造更适合我们班级孩子的“学讲”英语课]李涛涛 ]，自从徐州市推进 学讲计划 以来，一直在努力探索 学讲 之路，在这个过程中，经历了很多困难和挫折，但也意外收获了许多。学讲 课堂重视的是学生自己真实的学习的发生，所以学...+阅读
If you lee a loaded weapon lying around, it is bound to go off sooner or later. Snow-covered northern Europe heard the gunshot loud and clear when Russia cut supplies to Ukraine this week as part of a row about money and power, the two eternal battlegrounds of global energy. From central Europe right across to France on the Atlantic seaboard, gas supplies fell by more than one-third. For years Europeans had been telling themselves that a cold-war enemy which had supplied them without fail could still be depended on now it was an ally. Suddenly, nobody was quite so sure.
Fearing the threat to its reputation as a supplier, Russia rapidly restored the gas and settled its differences with Ukraine. But it was an unfortable glimpse of the dangers for a continent that imports roughly half its gas and expects to be importing 80% of its gas by 2030 much of it from Russia. It was scarcely more wele for America, which condemned Russia s tactics. And no wonder: it consumes one-quarter of the world’s oil, but produces only 3% of the stuff. Over the ing years, the world’s dependence on oil looks likely to concentrate on the Middle East, particularly Saudi Arabia. Russian oil had seemed a useful alternative.
Fear of the energy weapon has a long history. When producers had the upper hand in the oil embargo of 1973-74, Arab members of the anisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) cut supply, sowing turmoil and a global recession. When consumers had the upper hand in the early 1990s, the embargo cut the other way. After Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait in 1990, the world shut in 5m barrels a day (b/d) of production from the two countries in an attempt to force him out.
With oil costing 60 a barrel, five times more than the nominal price in 1999, and spot prices for natural gas in some European and American markets at or near record levels, power has swung back to the producers for the first time since the early 1980s. Nobody knows how long todays tight markets will last. "It took us a long time to get there and it will take us a long time to get back," says Robin West, chairman of PFC Energy in Washington. A clutch of alarmist books with titles such as "The Death of Oil" predict that so little oil is left in the ground that producers will always he pricing power. The question is how worried consumers should be. What are the threats to energy security and what should the world do about them? The answers suggest a need for planning and a certain amount of grim realism, but not for outright panic. [452 words]
1. Which of the following is pared to "a loaded weapon going off"?
A. Northern Europe heard the gunshot loud and clear.
B. Gas supplies fell remarkably in Europe.
C. Russia cut gas supplies to Ukraine.
D. Russia had a fierce row with Ukraine.
2. The Europeans ______
A. can still depend on Russia for the supply of gas
B. contended with their cold war enemy, Russia, for a long time
C. are glad to he Russia as their ally to supply them gas
D. worry about the possible unreliability of gas Supply from Russia
3. According to the text, America ______.
A. poses a threat to Russia’s reputation as an oil supplier
B. wakes up to the dangers Russia’s oil tactics may bring
C. is less vulnerable economically than European continent
D. has shifted its dependence on oil from the middle east to Russia
4. An oil embargo ______.
A. leads to the decrease of oil supply
B. leads to the decrease of oil demand
C. signals an imminent global recession
D. may serve as a powerful weapon
5. In the face of the shortage of oil supply, the consumers should ______
A. be well prepared for the grim future
B. be more optimistic than ever before
C. be no less worried than the producers
D. be no more worried than the producers
全文翻译
如果你把装满子弹的武器随处乱放，迟早会走火。
大雪覆盖的北欧清楚地听到了响亮的枪声，本周俄罗斯中断了对乌克兰的石油供应，这是对金钱和权利争吵的结局，而金钱和权利是全球能源问题所涉及的两个永无休止的争论题目。横跨整个中欧直至法国的大西洋海岸线上各国的石油供应减少了三分之一还多。俄罗斯在冷战时期曾以敌人的姿态为欧洲人提供石油，且从未中断。这使得欧洲人多年来一直认为，这个敌人既然都变成_r盟友，当然可以继续依靠了。但突然之间，一切都不再是确数了。
由于担心其作为主要石油供应国的声名受损，俄罗斯还是尽快地恢复了石油供应并弥合了其与乌克兰之问的分歧。欧洲大陆用的石油大约一半靠进口，预计到2030年将有80％靠进口，而且主要靠从俄罗斯进口。看到所冒的风险，着实令人不安。此举在美国也并不受欢迎，美国还就此事批评了俄罗斯的战略举措。它的担心当然是有根据的：因为它消耗了世界上四分之一的原油，但只产出3％的相关产品。在随后的几年当中，世界原油的供应者看上去将会集中在中东各国，特别是沙特阿拉伯。与此同时，俄罗斯的原油也不失为一个好的选择。
对以能源作为战略武器的担忧由来已久。1973年至1974年石油禁运时，产油国处于有利地位，石油输出国组织(OPEC)中的阿拉伯成员国削减供给，引发混乱和全球经济不景气。90年代初石油消费国处于有利地位时，石油禁运的后果刚好相反。1990年萨达姆·侯赛因入侵科威特之后，全世界以每天禁运两国500万桶产油量的经济制裁来迫使其从科威特撤兵。
当石油价格达到每桶60美元，即比1999年的标称价格高5倍多，天然气的现货价格在欧洲和美国一些市场达到或接近高记录的水平时，自80年代初以来，能源权力首次回到产油国手中。。没人能说清今天这样紧俏的市场需求能持续多长时间。“我们去时花了多少时间，回来时也得用掉那么多时间。”位于华盛顿的PFC能源机构主席罗宾·威斯特做出了如上评论。也有一群喜欢大惊小怪的人著书立说，打着《石油之死》这样的标题，预言说由于地下储油量已不多因此生产商总能掌握定价权。其实，问题在于消费者到底应该担心到什么程度，能源安全到底面临着怎样的威胁，以及针对这些威胁世界各国应怎样应对?这些问题的答案都提示着我们需要进行详尽的计划并认清现实，而不是一味地恐慌。
参考答案： 1．C 2．D 3．B 4．D 5．A
难句透析
①[If you lee a loaded weapon lying around’]，it is bound to go off sooner or later．Snow-covered northern Europe heard the gunshot loud and clear when Russia cut supplies tO Ukraine this week as part of a row about money and power，the two eternal battlegrounds of global energy]．
【结构】第一个方括号部分是“If”引导的条件状语从句。第二个方括号部分是“When”引导的时间状语从句。
【释义】如果你把装满子弹的武器随处乱放，迟早会走火。大雪覆盖的北欧清楚地听到了响亮的枪声，本周俄罗 斯中断了对乌克兰的石油供应，这是对金钱和权利争吵的结局，而金钱和权利是全球能源问题所涉及的两个永无 休止的争论题目。
②For years Europeans had been telling themselves[that a cold—war enemy(which had supplied them without fail) could still be depended on(now it was an ally)]．
【结构】方括号部分是“had been tellin9”的宾语从句。
【释义】俄罗斯在冷战时期曾以敌人的姿态为欧洲人提供石油，且从未中断。这使得欧洲人多年来一直认为，这 个敌人既然都变成了盟友，当然可以继续依靠了。
⑨But it was an unfortable glimpse of the dangers for a continent[that imports roughly half its鼬s and expects to be importing 80%of its gas by 2030 much of it from Russia]．
【结构】方括号部分是“continent”的后置定语从句。其中有两个并列的谓语动词“imports"和“expects”。
【释义】欧洲大陆用的石油大约一半靠进口，预计到2030年将有80％靠进口，而且主要靠从俄罗斯进口。看到所 冒的风险，着实令人不安。
④[When producers had the upper hand in the oil embargo of l 973—743，Arab members of the anisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries(OPEC)cut supply，sowing turmoil and a global recession． [When consumers had the upper hand in the early l990s]，the embargo cut the other way．
【结构】两个方括号部分都是“When”引导的时间状语从句。
【释义】1973年至1974年石油禁运时，产油国处于有利地位，石油输出国家组织(OPEC)中的阿拉伯成员国削减 供给，引发混乱和全球经济不景气。90年代初石油消费国处于有利地位时，石油禁运的后果刚好相反。
⑤[With oil costing 60 a barrel five times more than the nominal price in 1999，and spot prices for natural gas in some European and American markets at or near record levels]，power has swung back to the producers for the first time since the early 1980s．
【结构】方括号部分是介词短语“with…”，用做状语。介词“with”后面跟有两个并列的宾语。
【释义】当石油价格达到每桶60美元，即比1999年的标称价格高5倍多，天然气的现货价格在欧洲和美国一些 市场达到或接近高记录的水平时，自80年代初以来，能源权力首次回到产油国手中。
超纲词汇
alarmist n．大惊小怪者，杞人忧天者
battleground n．战争斗争的舞台，争论题
embargo n．禁止出入港口，禁运
nominal adj．标称的，名义的
nominal price名义价格，票面价格，虚价
outright adj．彻底的，完全的
recession n．不景气，工商业衰退期
row n．吵架，争吵
spot price现货价格
turmoil n．骚动，混乱
upper hand优势，上风，有利地位
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